Zooarchaeologist · Environmental Archaeologist

George Hambrecht

Associate Professor of Anthropology at the University of Maryland, investigating the deep history of human-environment interactions across the North Atlantic—from medieval Iceland to the Outer Hebrides.

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George Hambrecht

George Hambrecht

Photo: Nataline Beckley

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About

My research centers on the transformative processes of the early modern period—global culture contact, migration, pandemic disease, species translocation, and the complex dynamics of environmental change. Through the lens of zooarchaeology, I explore how past societies navigated climatic instability, resource management, and ecological transformation.

I have conducted fieldwork across Iceland, Northern Norway, the Caribbean, Scotland's Outer Hebrides, and New York City. My current focus examines the historical ecology of the North Atlantic, using archaeological fish remains and marine climate records to understand millennium-scale patterns in human-ocean relationships.

My work is interdisciplinary, bridging archaeology, environmental history, marine biology, climatology, and genetics. I collaborate closely with marine ecologists, isotope chemists, geneticists, historians, and fisheries scientists to address questions that no single discipline can answer alone. As Director of Undergraduate Studies in the Anthropology Department at UMD, I am committed to training the next generation of archaeologists to think across temporal scales and disciplinary boundaries.

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1,795
Citations
36+
Publications
$2.5M+
Research Funding
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Research Areas

Zooarchaeology

Analyzing animal remains from archaeological sites to reconstruct past human-animal relationships, subsistence strategies, and environmental conditions across the Norse North Atlantic.

Marine Historical Ecology

Investigating millennium-scale patterns in fish populations and marine ecosystems using archaeological data, stable isotopes, and aDNA analysis to inform contemporary fisheries management.

Climate & Society

Examining how past societies responded to climate change, contributing to frameworks for understanding resilience, adaptation, and vulnerability across temporal scales.

Historical Archaeology

Investigating the archaeology of early modern Iceland, the Caribbean, and Scotland—periods of global transformation, colonization, and ecological change.

Cultural Heritage & Climate

Leading policy work on climate change threats to archaeological sites, developing strategies for resource management with the National Park Service and international bodies.

Distributed Observation Networks

Developing methodological frameworks that treat archaeological sites as long-term observation networks for understanding past environmental and climate conditions.

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Selected Publications

2025
Mortality drives production dynamics of Atlantic cod through 1100 years of commercial fishing
Science Advances (with Campana, Misarti, et al.)
2024
Uncovering the Multibiome Environmental and Earth Systems Legacies of Past Societies
Annual Review of Environment and Resources (with Roberts, et al.)
2022
A millennium of Icelandic archaeological fish data examined against marine climate records
Quaternary Research
2021
Towards a Rigorous Understanding of Societal Responses to Climate Change
Nature (with Degroot, Anchukaitis, et al.)
2020
Distributed Observation Networks of the Past
Quaternary International
2017
International Approaches to Climate Change Threats and Cultural Heritage
American Antiquity (with Rockman)
View All Publications on Google Scholar →
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Current Projects

NSF Funded · 2021–2026

Central North Atlantic Marine Historical Ecology Project (CAMHEP)

A multi-institutional, interdisciplinary collaboration bringing together archaeologists, marine ecologists, isotope chemists, and geneticists to reconstruct millennium-scale patterns in North Atlantic marine ecosystems and inform contemporary fisheries policy.

$1.7M · PI: Hambrecht · Co-PIs: Misarti (UAF), Júlíusson (Akureyri)
IFR Field School · Skagafjörður

Iceland Viking Excavation

Ongoing excavations in Skagafjörður, northern Iceland, at one of Iceland's oldest continuously occupied farms. Students develop excavation, lab, and digital recording skills while contributing to research on Viking Age and medieval settlement.

Co-directed with Dr. Brenda Prehal · Apply via IFR →
National Geographic · Ongoing

Outer Hebrides Historical Ecology Project

Exploratory survey and excavation on North Uist and Benbecula, investigating long-term human-environment dynamics on Scotland's western islands through interdisciplinary collaboration.

In collaboration with University of the Highlands and Islands
IHOPE · Steering Committee

Integrated History and Future of People on Earth

Contributing to global synthesis of long-term human ecodynamics research, connecting archaeological and historical data to contemporary sustainability science through cross-disciplinary networks.

Steering Committee Member since 2025
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Zooarchaeology Lab

Research Opportunities for Undergraduates

The UMD Zooarchaeology Lab offers hands-on research opportunities for undergraduate students interested in archaeology, environmental science, and the study of past human-animal relationships. Students gain experience in faunal identification, skeletal analysis, database management, and laboratory techniques while contributing to active research projects.

We welcome students from diverse backgrounds—whether you're majoring in anthropology, biology, environmental science, or history. Lab experience provides valuable preparation for graduate school, museum careers, and cultural resource management.

Interested students should contact me directly to discuss current opportunities and ongoing projects.

Fieldwork

Photo: Nataline Beckley

Graduate Students

Mary Efird

PhD Candidate · Investigating life history changes in Icelandic fish populations over the last millennium using biometric and stable isotope analysis.

Fernanda Breckenfeld

PhD Student · Applying biotechnology background to genetic anthropology, working at the intersection of aDNA analysis and archaeological research.

Auggie

Auggie the UMD Zooarch Lab Lab

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Contact

Get in Touch

Office: 301-405-1003
Department of Anthropology
University of Maryland
College Park, MD 20742

Affiliations

  • Human Ecodynamics Research Center — Advisory Board
  • IHOPE (Integrated History and Future of People on Earth) — Steering Committee
  • NABO (North Atlantic Biocultural Organization) — ICAZ Working Group Coordinator